Preconception Checkup: Tests and Steps Before You Try for a Baby

The healthiest pregnancies often begin before conception. A preconception check-up, ideally 3 months before you start trying, lets you enter pregnancy in the best possible health — and catches issues that are much easier to fix early.

Why preconception care matters

Your baby's most important development happens in the first few weeks, often before you even know you are pregnant. Preparing in advance protects that critical window.

Key tests

Your doctor may recommend:

Blood group and Rh typing

Complete blood count (haemoglobin) — to detect and treat anaemia

Blood sugar — to screen for diabetes/prediabetes

Thyroid (TSH) — vital for early pregnancy

Rubella immunity — so you can be vaccinated before, not during, pregnancy

Hepatitis B, HIV and other infection screening

Vitamin D and, if relevant, haemoglobin variant testing (thalassaemia)

A pelvic ultrasound and Pap smear if due

Folic acid — start early

Begin folic acid at least 1-3 months before conceiving. It significantly reduces the risk of serious birth defects of the baby's brain and spine. Your doctor will advise the right dose for you.

Lifestyle steps

Reach a healthy weight — both under- and over-weight affect fertility and pregnancy

Eat a balanced diet; add iron and calcium-rich foods

Stop smoking, alcohol and recreational drugs

Review all medicines and supplements with your doctor for pregnancy safety

Manage existing conditions (thyroid, diabetes, blood pressure, PCOS) so they are well controlled first

Vaccinations

Ensure you are protected against rubella and other recommended infections before pregnancy, since some vaccines cannot be given once you are pregnant.

Do not forget your partner

General health, and a semen analysis if there is any concern or a history of difficulty conceiving, can save time later.

A single preconception visit can set up a healthier pregnancy and fewer surprises. If you are planning a baby in the next few months, this is the ideal time to book.