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Ovarian Cysts: Types, Symptoms, and When Surgery Is Needed

By Dr. Neha Singhania • 2026-06-05

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Ovarian Cysts: Types, Symptoms, and When Surgery Is Needed

Being told you have an ovarian cyst can be frightening, but the vast majority are simple, harmless and go away without any treatment. Understanding the type of cyst tells you whether you can simply watch it or whether it needs action.

What is an ovarian cyst?



An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac on or in an ovary. Many form as a normal part of the monthly cycle and cause no symptoms at all — often discovered by chance on a scan.

Common types



  • Functional cysts (most common) — form during ovulation and usually vanish within 1-3 cycles. Harmless.

  • Dermoid cysts — present from birth, can contain various tissue; usually benign.

  • Endometriomas (chocolate cysts) — linked with endometriosis.

  • Cystadenomas — develop from the ovary surface; usually benign but can grow large.

  • Polycystic ovaries — many small follicles, part of PCOS (a different situation, not the same as a single cyst).


  • Symptoms to notice



    Many cysts are silent. When present, symptoms include:
  • Pelvic pain or heaviness on one side

  • Bloating or pressure

  • Pain during intercourse

  • Irregular periods

  • Rarely, sudden severe pain (if a cyst twists or ruptures) — this needs urgent care


  • When to worry



    Most cysts are reassuring, but we look more closely when a cyst is:
  • Large (usually more than 5-8 cm)

  • Persistent over several months

  • Solid or complex in appearance on ultrasound

  • Associated with certain blood markers

  • Occurring after menopause


  • How it is evaluated



  • Ultrasound is the main test

  • Blood markers in selected cases

  • Repeat scan after 6-12 weeks to see if a functional cyst has resolved


  • Treatment



  • Watchful waiting — for simple, small cysts (most cases)

  • Hormonal medication — sometimes used to prevent new functional cysts

  • Laparoscopic surgery — keyhole removal for cysts that are large, persistent, complex, causing symptoms, or suspicious


  • Surgery, when needed, is usually minimally invasive with a quick recovery, and every effort is made to preserve the ovary.

    Found a cyst on your scan? Bring your report for a clear explanation of the type and whether it simply needs watching or removal.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Do ovarian cysts go away on their own?

    Yes — most functional ovarian cysts disappear on their own within 1 to 3 menstrual cycles without any treatment. A repeat scan is usually done to confirm this.

    When does an ovarian cyst need surgery?

    Surgery is considered when a cyst is large (usually over 5-8 cm), persistent, complex or solid on ultrasound, causing significant symptoms, suspicious, or appears after menopause.

    Are ovarian cysts cancerous?

    The great majority are benign, especially in younger women. Certain features on ultrasound, blood markers, and cysts after menopause prompt closer evaluation to rule out anything serious.

    Can ovarian cysts affect pregnancy?

    Most small cysts do not affect fertility or pregnancy. Endometriomas or large/persistent cysts may need treatment, and cysts are sometimes found and monitored during early pregnancy.

    What are the warning signs of an ovarian cyst?

    Sudden severe pelvic pain, fever, vomiting, dizziness or rapid breathing can mean a cyst has twisted or ruptured and needs urgent medical care.

    Have questions? Talk to the doctor

    Book an appointment with Dr. Neha Singhania for personalised advice.

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